(12) In a few NENA dialects the newest preterite off Group II verbs enjoys a vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- with no forerunner in the last dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) recommended your progressive means is about the brand new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he took they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms with o or you was missing external NENA and also have a number of of your own NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you can Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The entire introduce try noted by a beneficial prefix in all NENA except Hertevin and also in Mandaic and also in Turoyo. The fresh prefix requires one of three forms: (a) k- on all of the verbs (state-of-the-art to help you c- from inside the Urmi, offered in order to ko- prior to consonants within the Turoyo, and also in Zakho to be grams- just before a spoken phoneme); (b) k- but just toward a small class of verbs (with voicing consumption and sometimes most other change too); otherwise (c) i- into every verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, private telecommunications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we carry out say’, but doqIx-wa-le ‘we perform observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he consumes, have a tendency to eat’, however, sate ‘he drinks, have a tendency to, will get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
This new k- prefix seems to be an emergency of your own prefix qa- off BT, such as the brand new ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. age ‘stands’. In a few east languages the newest shipments from k- happens to be limited to a little category of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it’s got gone away and been changed because of the a different prefix we-, and that most likely originated as a diminished form of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits the new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went to offer money to help you good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The verb ‘give’ try yehav inside BT, and you will yav during the Syriac. It’s been remade throughout NENA languages from incorporation of the after the l- ‘to’. New essential, which was hav into the Syriac and BT, is actually hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in every NENA whereby I have advice, although not during the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) In all NENA, this new just one essential regarding qyama ‘get up’ has lost their finally m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious qu (Panoussi, 110). The fresh plural, not, retains the fresh yards.
(16) In every NENA, this new imperative of (i)zala ‘go’ is actually irregular: Aradhin au moment ou (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani au moment ou (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Across the NENA, a number of different terminology can be used as the ft to own reflexive pronouns instance ‘myself’. They are: ruh- from inside the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- throughout the around three easternmost Jewish languages, and you will gyan- regarding the left dialects: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
It qa- is actually in itself good contraction away from qa?
(18) A different preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the design ta, tla, or tla is common, even when not universal, during the NENA, yet not found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) stumbled on cook’ (Rubba, private communications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga facts ‘no one started the door so you’re able to him’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182).
